a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Russell-Ausley, Melissa (April 2000). "How Ballpoint Pens Work". Howstuffworks, Inc. Archived from the original on 4 May 2017 . Retrieved 30 March 2017. Japes P. Mannings, "Reservoir, Fountain, and Stylographic Pens"], Journal of the Society of Arts, 27 October 1905, p. 1150 The common ballpoint pen is a product of mass production, with components produced separately on assembly lines. [54] Basic steps in the manufacturing process include the production of ink formulas, molding of metal and plastic components, and assembly. [4] Marcel Bich (leading to Société Bic) was involved in developing the production of inexpensive ballpoint pens. [5] Standards [ edit ] Collingridge, M. R. et al. (2007). "Ink Reservoir Writing Instruments 1905–2005". Transactions of the Newcomen Society 77(1): pp.69–100, p. 80 Main article: Ballpoint pen artwork Example of a ballpoint pen work-in-progress – rendering of actor Steve McQueen by artist James Mylne Ballpoint " PENting" by Lennie Mace, Uchuu Neko Parade (2005) ballpoint pen and hardware on paper

Ball point fountain pen". United States Patent Office. Archived from the original on 31 March 2017 . Retrieved 30 March 2017– via Google Patents. a b Garnham, Emily (16 April 2010). "Biro artist recreates Girl With A Pearl Earring masterpiece". Daily Express. London: Northern and Shell Media. OCLC 173337077. Archived from the original on 20 April 2010 . Retrieved 30 March 2017. Maksel, Rebecca. "If You Like Ballpoint Pens, Thank the R.A.F." Air & Space Magazine. Archived from the original on 28 December 2020 . Retrieved 30 December 2020.Ballpoint vs. Rollerball – What's The Difference?". Unsharpen.com. Unsharpen.com. Archived from the original on 23 September 2020 . Retrieved 29 August 2020.

Finally, China manufactures a ballpoint pen all by itself". washingtonpost.com. 18 January 2017. Archived from the original on 5 November 2017 . Retrieved 21 October 2017. a b c d Liddell, C.B. (3 April 2002). "The hair-raising art of Lennie Mace; Lennie Mace Museum". The Japan Times. Tokyo: Toshiaki Ogasawara. ISSN 0447-5763. OCLC 21225620. Archived from the original on 22 November 2012 . Retrieved 30 March 2017. Ballpoint pens are sometimes provided free by businesses, such as hotels and banks, printed with a company's name and logo. Ballpoints have also been produced to commemorate events, such as a pen commemorating the 1963 assassination of President John F. Kennedy. [4] These pens, known as "advertising pens," are the same as standard ballpoint pen models, but have become valued among collectors.A ballpoint tip that can write comfortably for a long period of time is not easy to produce, as it requires high-precision machinery and thin high-grade steel alloy plates. China, which as of 2017 [update] produces about 80 percent of the world's ballpoint pens, relied on imported ballpoint tips and metal alloys before 2017. [55] ISO 12757-2:1998 – Ball point pens and refills – Part 2: Documentary use (DOC)". Iso.org. 12 June 2009. Archived from the original on 25 August 2005 . Retrieved 11 September 2010.

Some ballpoint pens use a hybrid ink formulation whose viscosity is lower than that of standard ballpoint ink, but greater than rollerball ink. [30] The ink dries faster than a gel pen to prevent smearing when writing. These pens are better suited for left-handed persons. Examples are the Uni-ball Jetstream and Pilot Acroball ranges. [32] These pens are also labelled "extra smooth", as they offer a smoother writing experience compared to normal ballpoint pens. Warhol, Andy; Slovak, Richard; Hunt, Timothy (2007). Warhol Polaroid Portraits. New York: McCaffrey Fine Art. pp.intro. ISBN 9780979048418. OCLC 420821909 . Retrieved 30 March 2017. Red ball point fountain pen inks and colorants therefor". United States Patent Office. Archived from the original on 6 May 2016 . Retrieved 30 March 2017– via Google Patents. In general, the more viscous the ink, the faster it will dry, but more writing pressure needs to be applied to dispense ink. But although they are less viscous, hybrid inks have a faster drying time compared to normal ballpoint inks. Also, a larger ball dispenses more ink and thus increases drying time. Types of ballpoint pens [ edit ] Bic Cristal ballpoint pens shown in four basic ink colors Twist action ballpoint pen with large capacity G2 type refill. Model: Waterman Stainless Steel Commonly used ballpoint refill types (diameter and length given in millimeters)

Multi-pens are pens that feature multiple varying colored pen refills. Sometimes ballpoint refills are combined with another non-ballpoint refill, usually a mechanical pencil. Sometimes ballpoint pens combine a ballpoint tip on one end and touchscreen stylus on the other. a b c d e f g h Perry, Romanowsky (January 1998). "How products are made". Ballpoint pen. Archived from the original on 20 July 2016 . Retrieved 30 March 2017. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Bellis, Mary (15 April 2017). "How Laszlo Biro Changed the History of Ballpoint Pens". Thoughtco.com. Archived from the original on 18 April 2019 . Retrieved 22 December 2017. Birome Ballpoint Pen Collection". Bios, Landmarks, Patents – ASME. ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers). 1996–2013. Archived from the original on 26 May 2013 . Retrieved 1 March 2013. Using ballpoint pens to create artwork is not without limitations. Color availability and sensitivity of ink to light are among concerns of ballpoint pen artists. [53] Mistakes pose greater risks to ballpoint artists; once a line is drawn, it generally cannot be erased. [48] Additionally, "blobbing" of ink on the drawing surface and "skipping" of ink-flow require consideration when using ballpoint pens for artistic purposes. [44] Although the mechanics of ballpoint pens remain relatively unchanged, ink composition has evolved to solve certain problems over the years, resulting in unpredictable sensitivity to light and some extent of fading. [53] Manufacturing [ edit ] The ink holder of a disposable ballpoint pen

Fisher Space Pen – About Us". Archived from the original on 28 April 2015 . Retrieved 5 November 2011. Ball point pens, widely know as a "biro", are the most commonly used. They feature an internal ink reservoir for oil based inks and have a ball for a point to allow easy ink flow and fluid writing. Office Stationery, we offer a huge range of ballpoint pens, the most popular and commonly recognised being the Bic Cristal (medium point). Also, the Paper Mate Inkjoy pens are another highly popular option. BIC Corporation – Company History". Fundinguniverse.com. Archived from the original on 25 May 2012 . Retrieved 17 August 2011. In 1946, a Spanish firm, Vila Sivill Hermanos, began to make a ballpoint, Regia Continua, and from 1953 to 1957 their factory also made Bic ballpoints, on contract with the French firm Société Bic. [24]Writing instrument". United States Patent Office. Archived from the original on 30 April 2016 . Retrieved 30 March 2017– via Google Patents.