The analysis of video recordings is a two-dimensional method. A three-dimensional posture analysis of musicians, which would include the differential analysis of all spinal sections as well as the shoulder and pelvis region, has not been published yet. However, the video raster stereography, which we present in the course of this manuscript, would allow a three-dimensional kind of analysis. Many guitarists practice sitting down. This means when they go on stage to perform, they’ll notice a bit of difference between playing sitting down and playing standing up. You can’t see your fretboard quite as well, and since your guitar “hangs” off you, it can be challenging to hold it at the angle you want it to be. The division is performed by average duration of performance, intensity of daily exercise and professional experience. Video raster stereography, a three-dimensional analysis of the body posture, is used to analyse the instrument-specific posture. Furthermore the pressure distribution during seating is analysed. Measurements are performed because the musician is sitting on varying music chairs differing in structure and/or construction of the seating surface. The measurements take place in habitual seating position as well as during playing the instrument. Results Kok LM, Huisstede BM, Voorn VM, Schoones JW, Nelissen RG. The occurrence of musculoskeletal complaints among professional musicians: a systematic review. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2016;89:373–96. But these musculoskeletal problems do not just concern professional musicians who have been exposed to years of unergonomic and stressful working conditions. Even in young string players at conservatories, questionnaires already revealed musculoskeletal problems and the necessity to medical treatment [ 18– 22]. Furthermore, no evident difference between the prevalence rate of musculoskeletal complaints of music academy students and professional orchestral musicians there has been found [ 7]. Thus, proper body posture and playing-related movements as well as strength exercises and prophylaxis is essential and should be part of any musicians education right from the beginning.

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Sixty-six musicians aged between 18 and 65 years are divided into three groups, each group consisting of 22 musicians. The three defining criteria for the groups are: average duration of performance, intensity of daily exercise, and the amount of professional experience. All musicians are measured while playing their instruments to compare their body postures. Group one is made of amateur musicians with varying orchestral experience and intensity of daily exercise. Group two consists of young students of music at the beginning of their higher education. Group three is made of professional orchestral musicians, every individual with a professional experience of at least 5 years.

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The “MiniRot-Kombi’s” suitability for measuring pathological postures like scoliosis, kyphosis or leg length discrepancies has been proven in several peer-reviewed studies [ 34– 38]. Force measuring sitting mat In contrast to the standing musician, a sitting musician cannot use his entire body, and his ischial tuberositiy’s bear the largest part of his weight. This is why the condition and quality of his chair and its seating surface is of greatest importance. Whereas those musicians, who play their instruments in a standing upright position, can act with their whole body, seated musicians cannot use their feet and knees to compensate asymmetric movements of their limps to keep the body posture in an economic balance. A good chair should contribute maintaining the optimal body posture as the large part of their weight is spread on both of the ischial tuberositys.

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Our range of Wenger Music Posture chairs are designed to support students and musicians in the position best suited to their instrument, allowing the best range of natural movement, easy breathing and protection against fatigue and discomfort. These musicians chairs are comfortable, supportive and most importantly portable so that they can be brought with you to other locations; after all it is important to look after your body when performing anywhere, not just in a rehearsal room. Whether you’re a solo artist or you play in a band, venues generally have chairs and stools you can use. And when it comes right down to it, you might choose to stand instead.Furthermore, no study has been performed to date, that compared different kinds of chairs with regard to their effects on the musician’s body posture. The method of measuring the sitting pressure distribution will be used for this purpose. The measuring system is based on the same principle that is used to measure the pressure distribution on mattresses [ 27]. Furthermore, unintentional movements of the test persons constitute a weakness of the method and a source of error. However, average fluctuations of measurement accuracy are indicated at <1 mm by the manufacturer. Three measurements per musician are performed hence, to refine measurements and reduce statistical error. Repeated measurements achieve reproducibility at about 0,5 mm in this way. You can practice using any chair you can find around the house. And, if you feel you can use it for several hours without feeling tired, it might work fine for your purposes. Static muscular work in an instrument-specific body posture frequently results in overstress of muscles, tendons and joints, resulting to musculoskeletal pain [ 1]. Musculoskeletal discomfort represents the foremost medical problem among musicians [ 2]. The pain appears in a pattern typically corresponding with the instrument-specific body posture [ 3]. As repetitive periods of pain over the years are frequently accompanied by neuromuscular alterations and genesis of pain memory, there is generally the risk of developing a chronic pain syndrome, leading to avoidance of optimal postures caused by pain, and losses of fine motoric skills caused by muscular tenseness and hypo-mobility of the affected joints [ 4]. Furthermore, half of these affected professional musicians also report sleep disturbances [ 5]. This all adds up to jeopardizing a musician’s professional career. Zaza [ 6] describes theses playing related musculoskeletal diseases as a “personal, chronic and disabling health problem that affects the whole person, physically, emotionally occupationally and socially” [ 7]. Six music chairs are used for this study. All chairs differ essentially in design and ergonomics, as well as in form and material of their seating surfaces. The following seating concepts ought to be compared:

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Musicians suffer from trauma lesions, such as fractures, herniated discs or torn ligaments, undergoing surgery within the last six months, taking analgesics or muscle relaxant medication or suffering from genetic muscular or neurological diseases, are excluded from this study. All participants provide written permission to participate in this study. The study is approved by the ethics committee of the Medical Faculty of the Goethe-University (Nr. 14/16). Recruitment

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There is one downside to this thinking, however. It can be hard finding a good, comfortable chair at a venue. If you’re always using the same throne, you’ll know exactly what to expect. But if you go from venue to venue using their chairs, it’s going to be a different experience every time. For orientation purpose while performing the measurements, six self-adhesive markers are set at anatomical landmarks within the detection area (Fig. 1). These landmarks slightly impact the accuracy of the measurements, as intraindividual variations of about 1 mm for the lumbar spine dimple have been shown [ 33]. Steinmetz A, Scheffer I, Esmer E, Delank KS, Peroz I. Frequency, severity and predictors of playing-related musculoskeletal pain in professional orchestral musicians in Germany. Clin Rheumatol. 2015;34:965–73.

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You just never know where you might be going or where you’ll be playing. It could be at the lake, at a camp, on the street, in a coffeehouse, or a myriad of other environments. If you have your chair with you, you’ll at least have the assurance that you have a piece of gear you can count on. That can help you maintain consistency in your performance. Discomfort in the practice room is one thing. Discomfort at a show or in the studio is quite another, where every note you play counts.The video rasterstereography is a non-touch and radiation-free method, which is able to measure the upper body statics of musicians in a three-dimensional way and chart it in scaled scores. Using this method, the evaluation of a musicians’ body posture can be evaluated with regard to economic aspects, depending on the kind of chair and its surface. Even most subtle differences in statics can be measured in this way [ 39].