Caffeine's biological half-life– the time required for the body to eliminate one-half of a dose– varies widely among individuals according to factors such as pregnancy, other drugs, liver enzyme function level (needed for caffeine metabolism) and age. In healthy adults, caffeine's half-life is between 3 and 7hours. [8] The half-life is decreased by 30-50% in adult male smokers, approximately doubled in women taking oral contraceptives, and prolonged in the last trimester of pregnancy. [126] In newborns the half-life can be 80hours or more, dropping very rapidly with age, possibly to less than the adult value by age 6 months. [126] The antidepressant fluvoxamine (Luvox) reduces the clearance of caffeine by more than 90%, and increases its elimination half-life more than tenfold; from 4.9hours to 56hours. [187] Caffeine was formerly used as a second-line treatment for ADHD. It is considered less effective than methylphenidate or amphetamine but more so than placebo for children with ADHD. [49] [50] Children, adolescents, and adults with ADHD are more likely to consume caffeine, perhaps as a form of self-medication. [50] [51] Enhancing performance Cognitive performance

Note that maltitol can cause an upset stomach in some people, and these gummies contain both maltitol as well as maltitol syrup. You may want to avoid them if you have a sensitive stomach, but otherwise, they’re a great option for those who want sugar-free caffeine gummies with added ingredients to help sustain their focus. Some beverages combine alcohol with caffeine to create a caffeinated alcoholic drink. The stimulant effects of caffeine may mask the depressant effects of alcohol, potentially reducing the user's awareness of their level of intoxication. Such beverages have been the subject of bans due to safety concerns. In particular, the United States Food and Drug Administration has classified caffeine added to malt liquor beverages as an "unsafe food additive". [246] a b Introduction to Pharmacology (thirded.). Abingdon: CRC Press. 2007. pp.222–223. ISBN 978-1-4200-4742-4. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023 . Retrieved 25 August 2017.A neuroprotective effect of caffeine against Alzheimer's disease and dementia is possible but the evidence is inconclusive. [127] [128] Smoking tobacco increases caffeine clearance by 56%. [156] Cigarette smoking induces the cytochrome P450 1A2 enzyme that breaks down caffeine, which may lead to increased caffeine tolerance and coffee consumption for regular smokers. [157] Birth control

Inhaled substances travel directly to your lungs, and then from your lungs to your bloodstream. This is a much faster and more straightforward process than the digestive process, which involves multiple organs and numerous steps before the ingested substance can be used by your body.Longevity. Drinking coffee may decrease the risk of premature death by as much as 30%, especially for women and people with diabetes ( 39, 40).