Breeders have turned to using wild tomato species as a source of alleles for the introduction of beneficial traits into modern tomato varieties. For example, wild tomato relatives may possess higher amounts of fruit solids (which are associated with greater sugar content) or resistance to diseases caused by microbes, such as resistance towards the early blight pathogen Alternaria solani. However, this tactic has limitations, for the incorporation of certain traits, such as pathogen resistance, can negatively impact other favorable phenotypes, such as fruit production. [38] [39] Etymology Tieman, D; Bliss, P; McIntyre, LM; Blandon-Ubeda, A; Bies, D; Odabasi, AZ; Rodríguez, GR; van der Knaap, E; Taylor, MG; Goulet, C; Mageroy, MH; Snyder, DJ; Colquhoun, T; Moskowitz, H; Clark, DG; Sims, C; Bartoshuk, L; Klee, HJ (5 June 2012). "The Chemical Interactions Underlying Tomato Flavor Preferences". Current Biology. 22 (11): 1035–1039. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2012.04.016. PMID 22633806. Tomato plants are vines, initially decumbent, typically growing 180cm (6ft) or more above the ground if supported, although erect bush varieties have been bred, generally 100cm (3ft 3in) tall or shorter. Indeterminate types are "tender" perennials, dying annually in temperate climates (they are originally native to tropical highlands), although they can live up to three years in a greenhouse in some cases. Determinate types are annual in all climates. [ citation needed] When Livingston began his attempts to develop the tomato as a commercial crop, his aim had been to grow tomatoes smooth in contour, uniform in size, and sweet in flavor. He eventually developed over seventeen different varieties of the tomato plant. [28] Today, the crop is grown in every state in the Union. [30]

Middle Eastern food can be heavy and plentiful, so you need to pair it with light, refreshing dishes that cleanse the palate and aid digestion. This is just that kind of dish – it is a perfect accompaniment to heavy meat and poultry dishes, providing a lovely fresh flavour – and it looks beautiful, too. The lightly sweetened dressing works well, counteracting the acidity, and I just love the intense crunchiness of this salad. A simple side dish with outstanding results. Adjust the spices to suit your own palate and serve as part of an Indian-inspired feast. You can also make Dishoom’s special masala spice mix here. Syria under the last five Turkish Sultans". Appletons' Journal. Vol.1. D. Appleton and Co. 1876. p.519.Lycopersicon esculentum". International Plant Name Index. Archived from the original on 6 June 2011. Tomato plants are dicots, and grow as a series of branching stems, with a terminal bud at the tip that does the actual growing. When the tip eventually stops growing, whether because of pruning or flowering, lateral buds take over and grow into other, fully functional, vines. [42] An unripe tomato growing on the vine Varela, L. G.; Bernays, E. A. (1 July 1988). "Behavior of newly hatched potato tuber moth larvae, Phthorimaea operculella Zell. (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), in relation to their host plants". Journal of Insect Behavior. 1 (3): 261–275. doi: 10.1007/BF01054525. S2CID 19062069. The tomato was introduced to cultivation in the Middle East by John Barker, British consul in Aleppo c. 1799 to 1825. [21] [22] Nineteenth century descriptions of its consumption are uniformly as an ingredient in a cooked dish. In 1881, it is described as only eaten in the region "within the last forty years". [23] Today, the tomato is a critical and ubiquitous part of Middle Eastern cuisine, served fresh in salads (e.g., Arab salad, Israeli salad, Shirazi salad and Turkish salad), grilled with kebabs and other dishes, made into sauces, and so on. [ citation needed] United States Plum, cherry, and grape tomato varieties

I am not a natural baker, so I work hard to perfect foolproof, crowd-pleasing recipes that work with my style of cooking. Iran has a huge nut-producing trade and pistachios are the king of Persian nuts. I first made this cake when I started doing supper clubs – we don't really have puddings in Iran. Tomatoes keep best unwashed at room temperature and out of direct sunlight. It is not recommended to refrigerate them as this can harm the flavour. [102] Tomatoes stored cold tend to lose their flavour permanently. [103] Sengupta, Sushmita. "Here's Why Desi Tamatar or Indian Tomatoes Are Better Suited For Curries". Food.NDTV.com. NDTV . Retrieved 5 October 2022. Various forms of mildew and blight are common tomato afflictions, which is why tomato cultivars are often marked with a combination of letters that refer to specific disease resistance. The most common letters are:Most tomatoes harvested from one plant in one year". Guinness World Records. 20 April 2006. Archived from the original on 5 December 2022 . Retrieved 22 June 2023. Sauce tomate is one of the five mother sauces of classical French cooking, as codified by Auguste Escoffier in the early 20th century. It consists of salt belly of pork, onions, bay leaves, thyme, tomato purée or fresh tomatoes, roux, garlic, salt, sugar, and pepper. [8] Australia, New Zealand and South Africa [ edit ] Various brands of Australian tomato sauce, along with Heinz ketchup A spicy tomato sauce known as sauce piquante is common in Louisiana Cajun cuisine, that can contain any seafood, poultry, or meats such as wild game. It is typically served over white rice. In Louisiana Creole cuisine, there is a tomato sauce known as a Creole sauce. It is similar to Italian tomato sauce, but features more Louisiana flavors derived from the fusion of French and Spanish cooking styles. They both usually contain the traditional holy trinity of diced bell pepper, onion, and celery.

Bittman, Mark (17 August 2013). "Not All Industrial Food Is Evil". The New York Times . Retrieved 18 August 2013. Italian varieties of tomato sauce range from the very simple pasta al pomodoro to the piquant puttanesca and arrabbiata sauces. Tomato sauce with pasta can stand on its own or it can also be paired with ingredients such as sausage, clams, pancetta cubes, tuna or vegetables, for a more lively pasta dish. [ citation needed] Ploeg, Antoon (2000). "Effects of amending soil with Tagetes patula cv. Single Gold on Meloidogyne incognita infestation of tomato". Nematology. 2 (5): 489–93. doi: 10.1163/156854100509394.This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( January 2021) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) The country's only single vine "tomato tree" growing in The Land pavilion at Epcot. Walt Disney World News Spiced carrot, pistachio and almond cake with rosewater cream. Photograph: Liz & Max Haarala Hamilton

The leaves are 10–25cm (4–10in) long, odd pinnate, with five to nine leaflets on petioles, [44] each leaflet up to 8cm (3in) long, with a serrated margin; both the stem and leaves are densely glandular-hairy. [ citation needed] a b Fleming, Amy (9 April 2013). "Umami: why the fifth taste is so important". The Guardian, London, UK . Retrieved 18 February 2017. Their flowers, appearing on the apical meristem, have the anthers fused along the edges, forming a column surrounding the pistil's style. Flowers in domestic cultivars can be self-fertilizing. The flowers are 1–2cm ( 1⁄ 2– 3⁄ 4in) across, yellow, with five pointed lobes on the corolla; they are borne in a cyme of three to 12 together. [ citation needed]The tomato was introduced to China, likely via the Philippines or Macau, in the 1500s. It was given the name 番茄 fānqié (foreign eggplant), as the Chinese named many foodstuffs introduced from abroad, but referring specifically to early introductions. [15] Italy The San Marzano is a well-known plum tomato highly prized for making pizza. Based on a Sardinian dish, mazzamurru, this is a wonderful way to turn some stale bread and a couple of tins of tomatoes into a warming supper. Use different cheeses if you don't have mozzarella or parmesan to hand – good cheddar, something oozy like taleggio or camembert, or even a goat's cheese are all worth a go. Serves four. Homologs of the recA gene, including rad51, play a key role in homologous recombinational repair of DNA during meiosis. A rad51 homolog is present in the anther of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum), [83] suggesting that recombinational repair occurs during meiosis in tomato.