a b Jamal, Amany. "The Role of Mosques in the Civic and Political Incorporation of Muslim American". Teachers' College – Columbia University. Archived from the original on September 28, 2007 . Retrieved April 22, 2006. Reid, Richard J. (12 January 2012). "The Islamic Frontier in Eastern Africa". A History of Modern Africa: 1800 to the Present. John Wiley and Sons. p.106. ISBN 978-0-4706-5898-7 . Retrieved 15 March 2015. Kahera, Akel (2008). Deconstructing the American Mosque: Space, Gender and Aesthetics. Austin TX: University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-74344-1. According to Islamic scholars and history, Islam was established in Arabia during the lifetime of Muhammad in the 7th century CE, [9] and so did architectural components such as the mosque. In this case, either the Mosque of the Companions in the Eritrean city of Massawa, [10] or the Quba Mosque in the Hejazi city of Medina (the first structure built by Muhammad upon his emigration from Mecca in 622 CE), [11] would be the first mosque that was built in the history of Islam. [12]

Houtsma, M. Th. (1993). E.J. Brill's First Encyclopedia of Islam, 1913-1936. BRILL. p.320. ISBN 978-90-04-09791-9 . Retrieved 21 February 2013. a b Nuha N. N. Khoury (2009). "Mosque". In Juan Eduardo Campo (ed.). Encyclopedia of Islam. Infobase Publishing. Left to the mihrab, in the front left corner of the mosque, sometimes there is a kursu (Turkish kürsü, Bosnian ćurs/ћурс), a small elevated plateau (rarely with a chair or other type of seat) used for less formal preaching and speeches.Charity". Compendium of Muslim Texts. University of Southern California. Archived from the original on February 5, 2006 . Retrieved April 17, 2006. The Great Mosque of Kairouan in present-day Tunisia was the first mosque built in northwest Africa, with its present form (dating from the ninth century) serving as a model for other Islamic places of worship in the Maghreb. It was the first to incorporate a square minaret (as opposed to the more common circular minaret) and includes naves akin to a basilica. [28] [29] Those features can also be found in Andalusian mosques, including the Grand Mosque of Cordoba, as they tended to reflect the architecture of the Moors instead of their Visigoth predecessors. [29] Still, some elements of Visigothic architecture, like horseshoe arches, were infused into the mosque architecture of Spain and the Maghreb. [30] Before the five required daily prayers, a Mu’adhdhin (Arabic: مُـؤَذِّن) calls the worshippers to prayer from the minaret. In many countries like Singapore where Muslims are not the majority, mosques are prohibited from loudly broadcasting the Adhān (Arabic: أَذَان, Call to Prayer), although it is supposed to be said loudly to the surrounding community. The adhan is required before every prayer. Nearly every mosque assigns a muezzin for each prayer to say the adhan as it is a recommended practice or Sunnah ( Arabic: سُـنَّـة) of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. At mosques that do not have minarets, the adhan is called instead from inside the mosque or somewhere else on the ground. [52] The Iqâmah (Arabic: إِقَـامَـة), which is similar to the adhan and proclaimed right before the commencement of prayers, is usually not proclaimed from the minaret even if a mosque has one. According to Ahmad ibn Hanbal, these verses were followed to the letter at the times of Muhammad, when Jews and Christians, considered monotheists, were still allowed to Al-Masjid Al-Haram. The Umayyad caliph Umar II later forbade non-Muslims from entering mosques, and his ruling remains in practice in present-day Saudi Arabia. [47] Today, the decision on whether non-Muslims should be allowed to enter mosques varies. With few exceptions, mosques in the Arabian Peninsula as well as Morocco do not allow entry to non-Muslims. For example, the Hassan II Mosque in Casablanca is one of only two mosques in Morocco currently open to non-Muslims. [105] Mainzer, Klaus (June 1, 1996). "Art and Architecture". Symmetries of Nature: A Handbook for Philosophy of Nature and Science. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. p.124. ISBN 978-3-11-012990-8. the dome arching over the believers like the spherical dome of the sky

Rezk, Rawya (January 26, 2006). "Muslim Women Seek More Equitable Role in Mosques". The Columbia Journalist. Archived from the original on May 27, 2006 . Retrieved April 9, 2006. Muslim Life in Germany: A study conducted on behalf of the German Conference on Islam" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2014-06-11.Muslim Southeast Asia/Malay Realm [ edit ] Songkok, kopiah or peci has been traditionally worn by Muslim men in Southeast Asia, as shown here during prayer. The prayer cap is called a topi, see Topi cap. Pakistani men wear a variety of other caps including the Sindhi topi, a mirrored cap with a front opening that allows the wearer to place the forehead on the ground during prayer, see Sindhi cap. Other caps include the karakul (hat), fez (hat) and pakol. The traditional women's attire is the wrapper, with hijab (worn as a turban or turban with additional scarf covering the sides of the head.

We have carpet on the floor and prayer mats that we kneel on. We always pray facing Makkah, the holiest city in the world for Muslims. a b Aubrey Westfall (2018). "Mosques and political engagement in Europe and North America". Project on Middle East Political Science. [ permanent dead link]Hawting, Gerald R. (2000). The First Dynasty of Islam: The Umayyard Caliphate AD 661–750. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-24072-7. Id Prayers (Salatul 'Idain)". Compendium of Muslim Texts. University of Southern California. Archived from the original on December 23, 2005 . Retrieved April 8, 2006. Bloom, Jonathan M. (2013). The minaret. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0748637256. OCLC 856037134.